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Ottoman period
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Early Republican era
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Jet age
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Liberalization
In 1983, the Turkish airline market was liberalized. While before, only public companies were allowed to serve the country’s airports, with the enactment of the 1983 Civil Aviation Law, private companies were admitted. As the regulation failed at setting up a competitive environment, the quasi-monopoly of Turkey’s national flag carrier Turkish Airlines was further reinforced. It was only in 2003, that major barriers for market entry were erased, leading to a more competitive market, though Turkish Airlines continued to benefit from state support.
With 61.8 million passengers in 2015, Turkish Airlines today is one of the major airlines of the world, particularly by its number of international passengers. Operating scheduled services to 280 destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas as of February 2015, Turkish Airlines is the fourth-largest carrier in the world by number of destinations and the one that serves the most countries.